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Jewelry, Women's Favorite!

Sunday, August 2, 2009

Real Men Wear Bling

The idea of wearing jewelry once made some men squirm. A guy wore a simple wedding band and maybe, on special occasions, a pair of cufflinks.

But that's changing with "man bling" now accounting for about 10 percent of the annual $48.3 billion in fine jewelry sales in the United States, according to a study by National Jeweler magazine.

The Early Show asked GQ magazine's style editor, Adam Rapoport, to tell guys how to add a little bling to their lives without going over the top. Adam's job is to find jewelry that men can and will consider wearing, even if they don't happen to be rap stars or Hollywood heroes.

Rapoport says that there is a wide range of jewelry for men to choose from, whether they're looking for something refined and sleek or a chunkier, more urban look.

Below are some of GQ's best picks for rings, bracelets and necklaces designed for men.

A ring is a great way for a man to incorporate a little bling into his life. It doesn't have to be overly glitzy or feminine looking. Many rings designed for men are sleek, in pure white gold or silver sculpted in masculine shapes.

Bulgari has a white gold ring called "B Zero" for $820. It's available at Bulgari boutiques nationwide. Gucci has a signature silver and black enamel ring with its signature double G logo for $650, at Gucci boutiques. Australia-based LOOP has a silver "X-Ring" for $115, at Paul Smith boutiques. Lazaro has a simple silver ring for $150 at its boutiques.

The latest bracelets for men are anything but feminine, incorporating materials like brushed steel and rubber for a refined yet rugged style. Simmons Jewelry has a stainless steel and rubber bracelet for $100. Gregg Wolf has a silver ID bracelet for $295; information is available at 212-529-1784. Cartier's Santoes brushed steel and 18-karat gold bracelet is $1,775 at Cartier stores. David Yurman's leather band with a gold clasp is $1,150. Montblanc makes a steel and rubber cuff for $190.

Once upon a time, real men didn't wear necklaces. Now, they're wearing charms on their necklaces. Tiffany & Co is offering a silver coin-edge tag at $160. Jill Platner's silver pendant on a cord is $330 at www.jillplatner.com. Garrard's gold chain is $850, with a gold and enamel king's shield charm for an extra $1,700; information at 888-699-8811. Giles & Brother by Philip Crangi has a silver necklace with three charms—a crest, a dagger and a safety pin—for $217.50 at Barneys Co-op in New York or at www.bluebeeonline.com.

Why the sudden popularity of "man bling?" According to Rapoport, the so-called metrosexual movement is responsible in part. Men have become more comfortable with grooming, and preening is acceptable as men begin to moisturize their skin and highlight their hair.

Rap stars also legitimized the concept of big jewelry for men, at least for younger men, and christened it "bling." Their diamond stud earrings and heavy gold necklaces brought flashy jewelry for men into the mainstream for the first time since Elvis graced Las Vegas.

A more conservative style came out into the open when Brad Pitt wafted through "Ocean's Twelve" wearing a silver pendant and cufflinks from Tiffany's.

Saturday, July 4, 2009

The Metals of Jewelry Making

The three basic metals of jewelry making are identified primarily by color. Silver, of course, is known for its shiny "silver" hue when used in its polished state, but also is gaining popularity in a duller matte finish or a combination of the polished and matte. When you are purchasing sterling silver look for the stamp of "925" which indicates the item has a silver content of almost 93 percent silver. The seven percent alloy gives the silver hardness and durability. Without the alloy, the silver piece would be too soft to wear.

Gold is best known in its bright yellow color. Platinum is a rarer, valuable whitish metal that resembles silver. What many people do not realize is that gold actually comes in a variety of colors from white to pink, depending on which alloy is added.
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Fine gold, that which is 99.9 percent pure, is called 24 karat gold. Though it is a beautiful bright yellow color, 24 karat gold is too soft to work with and too soft to hold up under regular use, making it inappropriate for most jewelry. Most goldsmiths prefer to work in 18 karat (18K) gold which consists of 75 percent pure gold and 25 percent alloy. The stamp mark you should look for when purchasing 18K gold jewelry is "750."

Fourteen karat (14K) gold jewelry has a gold content of 58.33 percent gold and the remaining metal content is alloy. The stamp mark you should look for when purchasing fourteen karat gold jewelry is "585." When customers ask their jeweler to melt down their 14k gold jewelry for reworking it into a new piece, they are often surprised to find out the yield in gold is only about 50% of the weight of the piece. Ten karat gold is the lowest karat content that, by US standards, can legally be called "gold." It has a gold content of 41.76 percent.

The term "solid gold" does not mean 100% gold, but rather that there is gold content throughout a piece of jewelry (though the gold will still include alloy) and not just on the surface, as with a gold plated item.

White gold has the same gold content as yellow gold, but the alloy used to strengthen it gives it a silvery color. Platinum is the most valuable and most durable of all the jewelry metals and is especially popular for engagement and wedding rings.

The color of the metal you select to wear, whether enhanced with gemstones or just by itself, is a very personal decision, based on coloring of the wearer, taste and budget. In the last ten years sterling silver jewelry has rocketed in popularity. Today jewelry stores are full of stunning pieces of silver crafted with colored gemstones and even with diamonds. Sterling silver is particularly appropriate for daytime wear or to accent casual sportswear. It is the simple elegance of silver which has gained great favor in the fashion industry. In the winter worn with black, navy and dark colors sterling silver stands out and accents a winter wardrobe well. Yet in the summer, worn with pastels and lightweight clothing, silver looks "cool" against bare skin and comfortable. Silver, white gold and platinum lend the same steely hue and complement gray hair very well. It is not uncommon for a woman to switch from yellow gold jewelry to silver or white gold when her hair changes color.

Thursday, June 18, 2009

Diamond Shopping-Where do I Even Begin?

What goes hand in hand with weddings and engagements? Jewelry. The very act of giving jewelry from one to another is almost as timeless as love itself. It’s not just the gesture of giving a ring but it’s what the ring represents-you’re undying affection and care for your soul mate, right? Obviously the importance of the ring you choose cannot be underestimated. But where do you even start? What do you look for in a diamond?

When you select a diamond for that special someone the first rule is that bigger isn’t necessarily better. Great diamonds rely on a great cut. While a poor cut means a dull diamond, a great cut means a precious commodity. When it comes to color less is more. Since color steals from the brilliance of the diamond best diamonds are nearly colorless.

Diamonds come in 7 different shapes: emerald, heart, marquise, oval, pear, princess, and round. This is where personal preference comes in. If you’re planning to give the ring as a surprise you’ll have to do your detective work. Note the type of jewelry your special someone wears. If she’s accustomed to simple rings then a bulky diamond such as a pear shaped will stick out further and be more apt to hit a surface. One of the best techniques is to inquire with one of her close friends.

Once you’re ready to purchase, get a diamond grading report from the dealer. This report will testify to the diamonds authenticity and evaluate the characteristics of the diamond. Diamond shopping isn’t a chore. Now that you’ve got some of the basics down you’re almost half way there. Shop around to make sure you find exactly what you’re looking for. After all this may well be one of the most important purchases of your life. No pressure.

Friday, May 29, 2009

The choice of Corals

Corals, the June birthstones, are considered to be one of the most beautiful gems. Because of their natural and elegant beauty, they have been used for centuries in accenting jewelries. Indians and Persians were among the first to use corals as jewelries.
Corals can be classified as natural or cultured. Both are grown in oysters or mollusks. Oysters grow natural corals accidentally, as nacre is deposited around any foreign material that has entered its shells. Cultured corals are also grown in oysters but the growth is initiated by men. Natural corals, which are rarer, are more costly than cultured corals.
Both natural and cultured corals can further be classified into freshwater or saltwater corals, those coming from the sea being more expensive.

Corals come in many different colors, shapes and sizes. The value of these corals depends on these qualities so care in choosing the corals should be taken seriously.

The timeless beauty of corals makes them suitable for bracelet creations. But how do you choose the perfect coral bracelet for you?

If you want to buy the coral bracelet online, make sure you have done ample research on the different legitimate companies that advertise corals. Know everything you can about the products, the company¡¯s background and return policies. Get the address or phone number that you can contact in case a problem arises.
Once you have chosen the company you want to buy from, view all their designs. There are so many designs to choose from. The latest trend in bracelet design is the contemporary coral bracelet which could be any of the following.
These bracelets are combined with different metal clasps and chains to make them contemporary. Strands with different colors of corals may be twisted to make an interesting combination bracelet. Several strands of corals may also be contrasted with sterling silver to make it unique.

The decorative clasps could serve as the design in itself. Yellow gold beads could alternate with corals to create a contrasting effect. Pretty charms could hang from the bracelet to add some appeal. Another possible combination would be a series of corals followed by a silver chain.

Semi-precious gems or even diamonds can be combined with corals making your bracelet even more valuable. The different colors of other gems make an otherwise simple string of plain white corals look very interesting. The same attention-grabbing effect can be seen when contrasting colors of corals are combined together.
White glass corals would look amazing if combined with Swarovski crystals. The stunning combination is a must-have for a coral collector.
They are usually sold by carat weight. Most natural corals on today's market are vintage corals.

Another factor to consider is the weight of the corals you are purchasing. Don¡¯t forget that natural corals are measured in carats and cultured corals are measured in millimeters of their diameters.

Look for coral knots between the corals in the strings. These knots serve to separate the corals from one another so that abrasion is avoided.

When you have purchased your dream coral bracelet, some points are considered when caring for it. Always be reminded that the lime content of the corals can react with human perspiration that can lead to cracks.

Wear your coral bracelet after you have spritzed on your favorite perfume and lotion, not before. After taking it off, wipe it clean with a soft cloth that is lint-free, dry or a little damp. If you wipe it with a damp cloth, be sure to dry the corals before storing them. Water is used to damp the cloth and not anything harsh like ammonia or strong detergents.

It is important that coral bracelets are kept separately from other jewelries to avoid scratching. A soft chamois bag may be a good place to keep it in. Periodic stringing of your bracelet should be done to prevent any unstringing in case the silk or cord is damaged.

Corals are simple but very elegant. It is suitable in any occasion, casual or formal. Buying the perfect string of corals for that delicate wrist is just so important. Pamper yourself and buy that bracelet that will surely stay in fashion during your entire lifetime.

Saturday, May 2, 2009

Best tips on buying Coral jewelry

Corals can be characterized as exotic, diverse, unique, and timeless. This is due to a fact that they are beautiful and classy in their own sense. Corals can be harvested from many countries such as Japan, Indonesia, Philippines, French Polynesia, Tahiti, etc. All produces unique pieces that carry their own distinct qualities far from the other.

The value of corals is largely dependent of its surface quality, size, matching, nacre thickness and luster or the inner glow of each coral. Larger corals can be more valuable, it is due to a fact that it is not machine made, thus is really priceless. In reality, no two corals are the like and there are countless corals in varying shapes and colors. If we are to measure the market value of corals in terms of color, the white-pink are the most expensive.

There are different kinds of corals, mostly find those which are cultured and man-made with ranging colors and sparks. Most common are those off white round corals made into necklaces, rings and earrings. If you want to be unique and a type who wants to be a cut above the rest, find those expensive and rare kinds of corals.

Generally unique corals are those which are perfectly clean. There are also those which are cultured. Companies offer matchless corals to cater to distinct markets. The following are some of the rare kinds of corals being offered by companies nowadays:

1. Freshadama corals:
Are freshwater corals which are round and presents brilliant luster. They have the rainbow luster quality which can only be seen among .01% of cultured freshwater corals nowadays.
2.Hanadama:
These are flower corals which have high quality. While the minimum nacre production is .4mm, hanadama can acquire an average of .6mm.
3. Conch coral:
They are very rare and all natural. You have to search for about 10,000 Queen Conchs to have one coral. Only 1 for every 100 corals is with good quality. Conch corals are also known for their flame structure. Key West in Florida is the area with most conchs.
4.Black Tahiti Corals:
Mysterious and rare, these are the synonyms attached to black corals. It is not produced in mass because it should be carefully examined and selected by color, size, shapes, and other quality. Their rarity adds to their cost, a piece can be 12mm in diameter.
5.Keshi Corals:
These fine gems are found in French Polynesia, Philippines, Indonesia, Japan or Australia. They are by products of coral cultivation and described as accidental corals. Tiny organisms accidentally grow inside the nucleus and thus create corals. Keshi measures 4- 15 mm.

The corals mentioned above are unusual; nonetheless they can be purchased on different stores. You can acquire necklaces, brooch, rings, earrings and other products made of corals online. Companies offering different coral jewelries are Anandia. Com which also offers information that can help you in choosing your best coral. Amazon and Ebay also offer unique sets of coral jewelries. Japan has Mikomoto which offers black Tahitian corals. The prices of corals range from $65 to $398.

Monday, April 13, 2009

Earrings to Flatter Any Hair Cut or Style

Choosing a pair of nice earrings is an easy task for any average Jane, but choosing a pair of earrings that flatter your hair cut and style, now that's another story. Earrings can be worn to draw attention to your hair and face and can really get you noticed, so be sure to choose styles and settings that are complementary.

If you have short hair, such as a pixie cut (like Rhianna) or a bob (like Victoria Beckham), then the features of your face are already dominant. The earrings you choose will be another focal point, so be careful not to overwhelm. You can wear a piece of bold statement jewelry, but you should take into consideration your hair color. For example, brunettes can usually pull off bold jewelry in deep colors for a dramatic look. Try a pair of beaded drop earrings or large hoops. Blondes on the other hand, can also wear strong jewelry, but it will have a different effect, as it contrasts your natural features. Red heads look great in turquoise or aquamarine earrings.

If you have medium length hair, then your jewelry should balance out your features. Stud earrings will do the trick or try ones that have a small teardrop.

If you have long hair, then your hair and your jewelry might be competing against each other. To avoid this, try pulling hair halfway back to accentuate your accessories. Or, you can wear oversized hoops or a pair of eccentric chandelier earrings. Simple studs are subtle, while pairing them with a choker necklace can achieve drama. Alternatively, you can pull your hair to one side to show off a pair of fancy rhinestone earrings. This lets the jewelry take center stage and is a very romantic style.

Earrings especially can bring out the best looking you, while complimenting your hair style and color. It's just a matter of knowing what works and what should be avoided.

Sunday, March 29, 2009

How to Tell if a Pearl is Real

In order to be able to tell the difference between genuine and artificial pearls, it's helpful to understand a bit about how real pearls are made. A pearl begins as an irritant in a mollusk. In nature, it might any bit of matter. At a pearl farm, the pearl starts when a farmer inserts a tiny, perfectly round irritant in the oyster or mussel. In either case, the mollusk secretes a nacre, which hardens around the small foreign invader. After months or years (depending on the mollusk species and the desired pearl size), enough nacre is hardened around the original irritant that a lustrous, prized pearl is formed.

This process of creating pearls through months or years of setting down layers of nacre creates a different texture than any of the factory procedures for making artificial pearls. This difference in texture is what allows one to differentiate between real and fake pearls easily and quickly.

Give it a Rub

If there's more than one pearl available to test, the easiest method is the Rub Test. Simply take two of the pearls and rub them gently together, moving the pearls in circles against each other. If the pearls are artificial, the surfaces will be glassy smooth. If the pearls are genuine, the surfaces will have a bit of texture, a bit of tooth. This slight roughness isn't discernible just by feeling the surface of the pearl, but it is noticeable when two genuine pearls are rubbed together.

The Tooth Test

Suppose there's only one pearl in question—the Rub Test isn't possible. Instead, rub the pearl gently against a top incisor, one of the large front teeth. When rubbing a genuine pearl against the tooth, that slight natural texture will be discernible. An artificial pearl, whether made of glass or plastic, will feels completely slick and smooth.

Practical Application

Either of these tests is particularly useful in situations where decisions need to be made quickly, or where information about a product is either unavailable or unreliable. For example, genuine pearl jewelry is often found in garage sales, estate sales, and auction houses, jumbled in with costume jewelry. Buyers can use these methods to determine if an asking price is justified or a spectacular deal. Sellers can accurately price pearl jewelry and ensure quality.

A Word of Caution

Sellers unfamiliar with the Tooth Test don't take kindly to having their products put in the mouths of potential customers. Either get permission before trying the Tooth Test or do it discreetly. It can be useful to wear a piece of genuine pearl jewelry or carry a small pearl around if it's likely a pearl will need to be tested.

Tuesday, March 17, 2009

Designer Jewelries for Men & Business System Top Pick

Gone are days when jewelries were meant primarily for women.

They now form an integral aspect of a men's fashion as well. However, the idea of men using jewelries to add an extra spark to their attire is not entirely modern. A look at the past will reveal that men considered jewelry as a symbol of royalty and well-being. As years have gone by, the designs have evolved to compliment the contemporary fashion. Men's designer jewelries are handcrafted to go with their corporate, professional and casual styles.
Rings belong to the class of most popular forms of men's jewelry.
They are available in a variety of shapes and sizes to fit the style of diverse fashion preferences of men. Usually men's rings look heavier and bolder as compared to women's. Inscribed, hand-engraved rings adds a new dimension altogether. A short piece of poetry or even one's name engraved on a ring gives it an identity of its own.
Who said that necklaces are meant for women? They are meant for men too.
Unlike women, men usually do not prefer to wear a glittering necklace. Even though they may be golden, beaded or having glass, a certain element of boldness is always there to give it a look that is meant exclusively for men. A lot depends on the kind of occasion when the necklace is to be worn. Wedding or any royal affair can definitely have a sparkling designer necklace whereas darker and colorful necklace go down pretty well with casual attire.
Bracelets are another form of popular men's jewelry.
Men are always conscious about their wrists and that explains why they like to sport snazzy watches. Hand engraved designer bracelets adds up as good decorative for the wrist. Men with good forearms can sport a broad bracelet and the ones with small frame can go for the narrower ones.
Designer jewelry for men has increasing become very popular due to the celebrities.
Rings, body piercing, necklaces, bracelets and even earring have become fashionable for men. The variety is diverse and what matters is to choose the right kind of jewelry that compliments one's personality perfectly.

Monday, March 9, 2009

Benefits of Magnetic Jewelry

Magnetic jewelry is those items that are made out of magnets and are used for grooming as well as therapeutic purposes. Magnetic materials may be either synthetic or natural magnets. No matter the type of jewelry though, the purpose behind wearing it is to produce a magnetic field that provides therapy to the injured area of the body closest to where it is worn. Magnetic jewelry, like non-magnetic jewelry, comes in bracelets, necklaces, anklets, and earrings thus providing you with dual benefit of style and therapy. At the same time you should not expect magnetic bracelet will relieve your back pain because it is not designed for that area of the body.Magnets are known to have a positive effect on living tissue and therefore magnetic jewelry is becoming increasingly popular as an alternative therapy for aches and pains among the general mass as well as the professional athletes and celebrities. Even in China, magnets are regularly used to treat high blood pressure and heart disease. How do magnets heal? Actually the magnets themselves do not heal anything but allow the body to produce endorphins, body's own natural pain killers and improve the quality of blood circulation that helps in healing.Magnetic therapy experts warn that many people who do not experience relief are simply are not using magnetic products in the right way or have purchased the wrong magnetic jewelry or low quality magnetic jewelry. It is recommended to purchase the right magnetic jewelry to serve the right purpose. Next always ensure that you wear your magnets as close to the pain as possible and wear it for twenty-four hours per day. Continue wearing to experience continuous benefits, rather than swallowing some other pain relief products. Always keep in mind that whenever you are purchasing magnetic jewelry pick up the jewelry with the strongest and largest number of magnets available to get an effective result.Though magnetic jewelry is considered safe but it is not safe for those who a pacemaker, have any metal in your body, or are pregnant. It is very dangerous and fatal for people with pacemaker. Doctors strictly recommend the pacemaker patient to avoid using any magnetic device that will stop the pacemaker from working. Therefore it will be wise if you check with your doctor if you have other serious health conditions, such as cancer or any other before purchasing any magnetic jewelry. It is also suggested that never replace with magnets without the permission of your physician.

Sunday, March 1, 2009

Jewelry on Academy Award 2009

Emerald

Angelina Jolie wore huge emerald earrings and a matching ring, both designed by Lorraine Schwartz.The gemstones in these two pieces of jewelry were so large and so well matched, it is impossible toeven imagine how expensive these pieces are – probably in the millions of dollars. Some estimates run at $20 million.

Jolie wore an emerald solitaire on the index finger of her right hand that appeared to be antique cushion cut, which is a modified rectangular shape. The twist to this ring is that the stone is turned at a 90-degree angle so that it’s set on the ring mounting forming a diamond shape rather than a rectangular one.

The emerald drop earrings consisted of two large emeralds; the emerald on the post mirrored the mounting shown on the ring and was about ¼ the size of the briolette shaped emerald drop.

Sapphire

Freida Pinto wore a classic pair of sapphire and diamond drop earrings. The stud of the earring consisted of a round diamond. The drop was briolette (teardrop) in shape with diamonds outlining a center set sapphire. She looked lovely.

Ruby, Emerald and Sapphire

Amy Adams covered the three precious colored gemstones bases in a Fred Leighton vintage 1950s bib style necklace. Different sizes of the colored gemstones, with diamond thrown in, were connected in spider web formation. This necklace was so ornate; no other jewelry was needed or worn.

The necklace was paired with a red dress. Red and green are complimentary colors, however there was so much going on with the dress and the necklace that the overall affect was disharmonious. There was no real focal point to the outfit, which is needed when pairing colors so the eye darted about. Not a good combo.

Diamonds

Penelope Cruz looked fabulous in diamond earrings and matching necklace. The earrings were a round diamond solitaire. The necklace was very Wilma Flintstone with round diamonds strung in a graduated fashion. It sat directly on the collarbone. Graduated means the round diamond front and center was the largest ,with the diamonds traveling back around the necklace gradually decreasing in size.

Taraji P. Henson also sparkled in diamonds. She wore a vintage 19th-century Fred Leighton diamond necklace. The collar of the necklace was low choker style. From the collar of the necklace hung five drops set with many diamonds. Each drop was chrysanthemum in shape.

Completing the look was a diamond and ruby ring she wore on her middle finger. As she carried a ruby red silk fabric clutch in the same hand, the overall effect was stunning.

Monday, February 23, 2009

What your watch says about you

IF you want to give a man a present he’ll enjoy, buy him a nice watch. It’s a sad indictment of society’s addiction to global designer images that these days men can’t happily strut around the place festooned in gold ornaments like Mr. T at Christmas. But we can blow small fortunes on nice watches.

Expensive modern watches are like little sports cars: the more costly and complex the machinery, the more glory reflects on your wallet (wallet is a euphemism, obviously).

Sadly, it’s not a simple market. It’s subtle, complex, and scientifically designed to appeal to every sector of the male demographic from Arnold Schwarzenegger to Woody Allen. And you can tell a lot about a man’s true personality from the watch he wears. Remember, advertising is designed to appeal to the "real" you – the things you buy tell the world who you want to be.

So let’s get in the Christmas spirit and have a good sneer at other people’s jewellery because it’s either bigger and better than yours, or smaller and weaker than yours. This is a game for boys and girls.

Omega Man

Omega Man, bless him, wants to be James Bond. This connection between Bond and his fancy watch has been played up for years. Next time you’re at a posh do, look for a gentleman in an immaculate tux who is wearing a huge diver’s watch with a bright orange bezel. There’s a good chance he’ll be hovering near important people pretending he’s a bodyguard, or even a policeman. But don’t completely write him off as a potential friend. He may be soft in the head, but he must have some cash. It’s a posh do, he’s in a nice tux, and the watch cost about five grand.

Wearers of vintage Omegas, picked up cheap on eBay, are usually mild-mannered types, like up-market train-spotters.

Tag Wearer

Tag Heuer has tied its branding to super-cool Tiger Woods. That middle-aged, 21-stone shouty bloke in the advertising department thinks he’s like Tiger Woods because he’s got a Tag Carrera (around three grand, maybe more). Well he’s not, is he? He’s fat and shouty. There’s nothing intrinsically wrong with fat and shouty, but it’s exactly what Tiger Woods isn’t.

Wearers of vintage Tag Heuers, picked up cheap on eBay, are usually mild-mannered types, like up-market train-spotters.

Breitling

Ah Breitling, the Bentley of gent’s wristwatches. Nothing says “I am the boss. Yah yah! I’m brilliant I am. You, with your rubbish little cheap, crappy watches are no good, but I’m marvellous. Look at the size of those diamonds. Go on, count ‘em. I dare ya!” quite like a Breitling. Rod Stewart is very fond of this brand, and gives them away like peanuts to Arctic Monkeys and the like.

Wearers of vintage Breitlings, picked up cheap on eBay, are usually mild-mannered types, like up-market train-spotters.

Bell & Ross

The Bell & Ross brand is all based on airplane cockpits: watches that look like fuel dials and altimeters and the like. What little lad doesn’t get excited by jet aircraft? Unfortunately, the range starts at around three grand a pop. It’s a very lucky little boy that can enjoy playing at pilots in this price range before he grows out of it.

Wearers of vintage Bell & Ross watches, picked up cheap on eBay, are usually mild-mannered types, like up-market train-spotters.

Watch Out

That’s just a few of the many hilarious wristwatch options out there. Keep an eye on glossy ads for more clues for future fun. Which watch are you buying?

Wednesday, February 18, 2009

The Basics Behind Michelle Obama's Look - Necklace

This look is sure to become a fashion trend. On the cover of the January 18, 2009 issue of Parade magazine, Michelle Obama wears a sleeveless dress in the purple family with three neckline embellishments. These embellishments may be an actual part of the dress. However, this look is very easy to duplicate with brooches or label pins.

Michelle Obama’s Look

Her necklace shows three embellishments. All three are circular in shape; the two side pieces flanking the center are smaller – about ½ the size in diameter. The color combinations are both complementary and a tint.

The larger circle piece is orange, yellow and lime green in color. These colors are complementary to the color of the dress, which is purple. The two smaller circles are lavender, which is a tint of purple. A tint is the color plus white.
Duplicate Michelle Obama’s Look

To make sure this look works, address these three factors:

1. Select brooches or pins that are not too heavy
2. Pick a garment made from fabric with body that is fairly close-fitting at the neckline
3. Choose brooch colors that harmonize with each other and the garment

If the brooches are too heavy and the garment fabric has too much give, the look just will not work. The neckline will fall forward from the chest area, creating an unattractive gap that will hide the brooches.

Carefully consider the color combinations. Complementary colors are those that are opposite each other on a color wheel. A complete color wheel, available at any arts and crafts store, will show the complementary color combination for primary, secondary and tertiary colors. It is visually very striking to pair complementary colors. The key to pairing complementary colors is to make sure that one is dominant.
Where to Find Brooches

Amazon.com has a wide array of beautiful costume brooches in all sizes. The image shown on this page is by Pugster and will make an attractive complementary center brooch for yellow/green or turquoise garments. Tonally, it would also work on a purple garment. The brooch retails on Amazon.com for $19.32. To create interest make sure the accent brooches are approximately ½ the size of the center brooch.

Check out what is already available in household jewelry boxes. The brooches don’t necessarily have to be circular in shape. Maybe there is a favorite pin such as the cat image shown on this page. Combine that with two small circular or triangular gold label pins for a striking look on a black garment.

It’s easy to make a trio of pins. The star image shown on this page is a hand-crafted pin given as a Christmas present a couple of decades ago. Make a similar one by purchasing a tin pin form at a craft shop. Glue beads and other decorations to the pin form with craft glue.

Experiment with the look. Run the three brooches vertically down the center front of the garment or attach them to the lapel of a jacket. They’ll also look fashion forward attached to a fabric purse.

Wednesday, February 11, 2009

Jewelry Gift for Valentine's Day

Valentine’s Day is equated to hearts by lots of gift shoppers. While heart shaped jewelry is certainly appropriate, it’s also nice to sometimes shop out of the box for any major gift-giving event.

Casual Dating Jewelry for Valentine’s Day

It’s never recommended that jewelry be given for Valentine’s Day if the dating situation is not committed. It just sends the wrong message. If the giver is more serious about the relationship than the recipient is, it’s an awkward situation. If the recipient is more serious about the relationship than the giver, then the wrong message is being sent. This is unfair to the recipient.

Always Shop for Jewelry With a Budget in Mind

Just because the diamond industry has that goofy two-month salary guideline in place for engagement rings doesn’t mean the consumer has to follow along like a zombie. Anyone who truly cares for the gift giver will not want them to go into debt to buy a piece of jewelry. Settle on a dollar amount that’s presently in the wallet, available to be spent. Don’t deviate from that amount.

Non-Traditional Jewelry Gifts That Don’t Break the Budget

It’s not necessary to give karated gold and precious gemstones to show love and caring for Valentine’s Day. It’s easy to come up with a perfect jewelry gift idea if the giver keeps their eyes open and notices what type of jewelry their sweetheart likes to wear. For example, meaningful charms for someone who wears a charm bracelet or necklace will always be appreciated. One idea might be a charm representing the first date. If ice skating was on the agenda – a pair of skates.

If the couple went out for sushi, a charm in the shape of sushi or chop sticks. The market used to be flooded with sushi shaped charms. They are somewhat harder to find today. However, there is normally at least one vendor on eBay selling these types of charms.

Funky, interesting looking costume jewelry is another suggestion. If it’s noted a particular color is a favorite, see what type of costume jewelry is available to coordinate with that color. If buying earrings make sure to find out if pierced or clip on earrings are favorites. Please note: don't give a gift in a color the recipient never wears. There's a reason why they never wear it; they don't like it.

Keep the Receipt

Always make sure there is a backup plan and keep the receipt so the gift can be exchanged or returned. This is not a harbinger of a pre-Valentine’s Day breakup but just a practical suggestion. For example, the jewelry might have a faulty clasp that's only noticed with use. It's always best to plan for the worst and keep that receipt.

Tuesday, February 3, 2009

Choosing Pearl Jewelry for the Wedding Party

Handmade freshwater pearl necklace jewelry for wedding Freshwater pearl bracelet jewelry
For centuries, pearls have been synonymous with purity, sophistication and romance. There is nothing more classic than a Bride in a white flowing gown, her neck draped with dazzling white pearls.


Because pearls come in a variety of shapes, colors and overtones they are very versatile; allowing them to be a perfect choice to support most any wedding theme.

One should consider the overall theme of the wedding before deciding on which bridal pearl jewelry to buy. Pure white or ivory Akoya, South Sea or Freshwater pearl sets are the classic choice for a traditional wedding. Larger sizes, starting in the 7-8mm range are customary.
White South Sea pearl pendant and earring sets are excellent choices for a modern style wedding. Black Tahitian or Golden South Sea pearl sets are ideal choices for an exotic wedding.

As bride is the star of the ceremony, the Bride should wear the largest and prettiest pearls. Her pearls should reflect her individuality and personality as well as the wedding theme. She should also choose the highest quality pearls possible; preferably those with a rating of AAA. She should be free to choose the pearls that appeal to her most in color, overtone and size as well. Her pearl jewelry should possess the highest shine, color and beauty. This is her wedding day after all!

The length of her pearl necklace will be determined by the neckline of the dress she has chosen to wear. If the dress has a high neckline above the collarbones, a 16 inch choker necklace is most appropriate. If the dress has a moderate neckline slightly below the collarbones, a 17-18 inch necklace is the best choice. If she is wearing a dress with a low neckline, the 18-22 inch range is recommended.
A 32 inch single strand pearl necklace is also a good idea due to its adaptivity. For example, during the ceremony the Bride can double up the length, turning the necklace into a double strand. After the wedding, she can wear the necklace at its full length to create a fashionable effect.

For a modern, contemporary look, choose a White South Sea Pearl Pendant and Earring set. The Bride's pearl jewelry should also be complimentary and relative to her figure. If she is a petite woman, a small necklace and earring set in the 6.5-7.5mm range is appropriate. If she is of a moderate build, a necklace and earring set in the 7.5-8.5mm range is an excellent choice. Generally, 7-7.5mm is the most popular size; as it is neither too big nor too small in appearance.

During the ceremony the Bridesmaids are living extensions of the Brides' own beauty; each one representing the love and friendship the Bride carries with her throughout her life. It is important for the Bridesmaids jewelry to reflect the Brides' while not overshadowing it. For this reason smaller sizes, shorter lengths or different quality pearls than that of the Brides' are very appropriate.

To especially distinguish your maid of honor, bestow her with pearls that are slightly bigger, longer or of a different color than that of the other Bridesmaids. This will make her stand out and feel that she is extra special to you.

Although your Groom may be unaware, pearls are appropriate for men as well as women. A pair of small 5.5-6.5mm pearls can be set into matching cufflinks; perfectly complimenting the Groom's attire while adding an extra touch of class.

Ultimately, your wedding is a reflection of the commitment you and your partner have made to one another. Every aspect of the ceremony should represent this as much as possible. After all, this is supposed to be a celebration! Good luck!

Saturday, January 31, 2009

Turquoise Jewelry

Turquoise is considered as a blessed stone that have been cherished and praised by mainly the native Mexican Indians & Americans. Many jewelers have published numerous books on crafts and culture implied through the turquoise stones and jewelry.

For centuries mans fascinations have has been consistent on turquoise stones. The stone of turquoise is a natural stone which has various shades between the ranges of blue to yellow. It is very significant not only for its ornamental but healing property also. The stone is found in country like Iran, China, Persia, Egypt, and Turkey. The color of stone is generally determined by different minerals present nearby the stones. The more presence of iron gives it a greenish tinge while copper adds blue color to the stone. And when zinc is presents the turquoise stone is found to be more yellow color. There are many kinds of turquoise colored stoned present which are chiefly employed in making unique ornaments.

Sleeping Beauty a very special beauty in stones is the lightest shade of sky blue color and is mined from the Beauty mines in the state of Arizona is incorporated in traditional jewelry and gives esthetic value as a precious stone.

Another Stone named White Buffalo Turquoise is also a marvelous kind of stone which is also used in jewelry are mined in the caves of Nevada. These are also very expensive and they add charismatic effect to the jewelry produced by the latest designers. The jewelry engraved using these stones are very rare and expensive as they are only found at caves of Nevada and if finished from there it will be lost for ever. People with subtle taste can only adore these jewels.

Persian turquoise also used chiefly in jewelry ever since primeval era mainly found in the Iran mines with gorgeous stone. It ranges in variety of color from pale green to sky blue. Many antique paintings are a proof that these were especially employed in all emperor jewelry to give them significant effect required.

Maintenance of the turquoise jewelry

Very special cares is employed to all the clean and preserve all turquoise jewelry since these stones are very porous. It is a popular belief that due to this reason only the stone has preserved it value till date. Whenever cleaning the stone you should take care to gently wipe the stone very gently with a soft cloth. A turquoise jewelry should never be submerged in any liquid to cleanse it because it is very porous and this liquid will cause deterioration in the value of the stone and the designed jewelry. The only gentle method of cleansing turquoise jewelry is to carefully clean the jewelry by making a rounded tip of any clean cloth and dip it in cleansing soap solution. Turquoise jewelry is never cleaned from any chemical or ultrasonic cleaners. So always respect your priced possessions. Whether turquoise jewelry is a traditional and antique heirloom or a recent formation modeled on conventional styles, turquoise jewelry is always considered a priced possession and a treasure for life time.

Friday, January 23, 2009

How to Care For Your Sterling Silver Jewelry

Nothing can quite beat the sheer elegance of sterling silver. The brilliance of silver jewelry appeals to almost every person of any age, even regardless of gender. However, it also possesses that sublime sophistication that gold jewelry always seems to overdo.

If you seem to disagree with this simple statement, think of a person – any person, for that matter – wearing a load of just sterling silver jewelry. Let’s deck that person in a few sterling silver earrings. Then let’s try placing silver ropes around that person’s neck. We can add a couple of silver rings to go along. And for good measure, we will even throw in one or two silver toe rings. And what do you have? You see nothing more but everyday wear. Now, picture that same person wearing the same exact jewelry, only this time, turn every piece that we imagined into gold. Now what do you have? You see a person imitating a fully lit Christmas tree.

We are exaggerating, of course. Nonetheless, this fully illustrates the sublime sophistication which is found probably only in sterling silver jewelry. In fact, if you want, you can mix and match sterling silver jewelry with any other gem or mineral and it will still look pretty chic. Only few kinds of jewelry can achieve this kind of versatility while keeping a sort of utter sophistication and elegance. Cubic zirconia jewelry or CZ jewelry, particularly CZ rings and CZ earrings are often paired with silver. And you guessed it; this combination always manages to look wonderful.

However, in order to maintain that brilliance, you should primarily know how to give your sterling silver jewelry the proper attention it needs. After all, how will you be able to enjoy your sterling silver jewelry if it is not in its ultimately best condition? The first thing that you should keep in mind is that you need to treat your silver exactly as it is worth. You certainly would not wear your best dress to do menial chores around the house or do harsh corrosive applications, now would you? You would want to treat your sterling silver jewelry basically the same way. It would be best if you could shield your jewelry from scratching or from harmful substances (like acids, bleaches, paint, etc.). The best option is probably to take your sterling silver jewelry off while in contact with these harmful substances.
Another thing that you should keep in mind is that an occasional cleaning with silver-safe jewelry cleaners could do you some good as well. Over time, a build up or residue from months (even years) of use can cause silver to tarnish and look aged (somewhat gray and yellow in discoloration.). With that said, you might want to schedule a habitual cleaning to keep your jewelry as clean as possible all the time. However, you should be careful when cleaning your sterling silver. This is especially if it is matched with other gemstones or minerals. Sterling silver jewelry indeed has an unparalleled sophistication and elegance. However, you should always maintain your jewelry to always keep it at its best.

Monday, January 19, 2009

Cleaning Your Diamond Jewelry

When you buy diamond jewelry you will find after time the brilliant shine will begin to fade. This happens due to the oils in your skin, lotions you use, and other things that come in contact with it. There are many ways you can clean your jewelry to make it look as brilliant as the day you purchased it. These ways include self cleaning, professional cleaning, and ultrasonic cleaning.

One of the best ways to clean you diamond jewelry yourself is with a soft bristle toothbrush. Use a mild soap and water to scrub. All you have to do is make a mild mixture of soap and water full of bubbles. Place your jewelry in the water and let it soak. Then you will scrub it softly. If you have a diamond watch that you cannot get wet you might consider a professional cleaner for your needs. A jeweler would be the best place to take it and many jewelers will clean it for free.

When you scrub your diamond jewelry you need to make sure that you use a scrubber that is soft. Many people like to use a soft toothbrush or some other type of brush. Just be sure the bristles are soft and not hard. Your goal is to bring out the shine and you don't want to scratch up the gold or make it look funny. You can buy a brush specifically designed for cleaning your jewelry from a jeweler or in a store.

If you are not sure about how to clean your own diamond jewelry and you want to be sure a professional does it the right way you can take it to just about any jeweler out there. Some will clean it for free and others may
have a small charge. The best part about it is that when you pick up your jewelry it will look as new as it was the first day you wore it. This is because jewelers have machines they can put your jewelry in that will clean it for you. These machines work appropriately and you can trust them. No jeweler would ever put your piece of jewelry in anything that would harm the piece. You can always trust the jeweler. In most cases, your diamond ring or other piece of jewelry will be ready within an hour of dropping it off.

Ultrasonic cleaning is another way to clean diamond jewelry. There are many different ultrasonic cleaners on the market you can choose from if you want to clean your own jewelry with the high tech machines the jewelers are using. These use a high frequency which results in a cleaning action. Always read instructions before putting any of your jewelry in a machine like this. Not all ultra sonic cleaners work the same way so be sure you know what you are doing before you put your jewelry in for cleaning.

Taking proper care of your jewelry means you will take the time to clean it. If your jewelry doesn't shine anymore like the day you first got it you will need to clean it. You can always restore the shine of gold and diamonds.

There are many ways to clean your diamond jewelry. If you want your jewelry to have the sparkle it did the day you first wore it then you can clean it on your own at home, take it to a professional jeweler, or even use an ultrasonic machine for cleaning. Your jewelry can maintain the brilliance for decades when you take proper care of it and clean it on a regular basis.

Tuesday, January 13, 2009

Sterling Silver Hoop Earrings

Sterling silver hoop earrings have been around for what seems like forever--generation after generation has donned the circular ornaments to show style, wealth, and personal flair. Jewelry is a powerful statement and can say a great deal about a person's character, personality, and values. Even God described His favor and esteem for the Israelites in terms of beautiful jewelry: "And I put a jewel on thy forehead, and earrings in thine ears, and a beautiful crown upon thine head (Ezekiel 16:12). Unfortunately, God's people's outward adornment did not always agree with the state of their character; still, jewelry can tell all about its wearer by design, extravagance, and size.

Traditional large silver hoop earrings, for example, send a definite message: their wearer is bold, vibrant, and happy to be visible. A woman sporting this kind of jewelry is not trying to blend into the crowd or pass by without notice; she wants to be seen and remembered. A girl with smaller, more detailed earrings is probably of a different character: she doesn't want to be the center of attention, but she does want to be noticed by people with the right taste and to quietly, subtly express her own unique personality. A woman's earrings may say that she is funky and eccentric, classy and sophisticated, or low-maintenance and a lot of fun. Sterling silver hoop earrings come in so many shapes and sizes that they are a perfect jewelry choice for any girl, offering ornamentation both for every day wear and special occasions.

A first important question is "Why this kind of jewelry?" Why should a shopper choose large silver hoop earrings over others like gold and platinum, which are equally beautiful? One reason, of course, is cost--it is much cheaper than yellow and white gold. Another incentive, however, is that sterling silver is a strong, durable material that is highly functional and lasting, which is why manufacturers use it for many every day items like kitchen wear, medical tools, and musical instruments. Most households have sterling silver dining utensils in their kitchens because they are long-lasting and highly resistant to scratching and rusting.

Sterling silver is made by combining pure silver, a soft, easily damaged material, with another alloy, usually copper, in order to give it strength and durability; this alloy generally contains 92.5% pure silver and 7.5% copper. While copper is what gives this material strength, it is also the cause of corrosion and tarnishing; silver itself is not reactive, but its copper is, causing tarnishing with time and wear. Therefore, shoppers should plan to buy a good cleaner for their sterling silver hoop earrings, which can be purchased at jewelry stores, hardware stores, and often even at regular department stores. Protecting this material from harsh chemicals like bleach and chlorine is important, so wearers should always remember to take off their earrings before jumping into a swimming pool. For extra protection, jewelers suggest storing this kind of jewelry in a location where it will not come into contact with other jewelry, either by putting it in a separate compartment or wrapping it in cloth.

A set of large silver hoop earrings may be the first item that comes to mind when one thinks of hoops, but there are so many other options! When browsing online or in a store, shoppers will find a dazzling assortment of hoops, varying dramatically both in price and style. There are the usual, simple department store hoops for $35 and the $2000 diamond pair-- and, thankfully, a great deal in between. The goal is to find a reasonably priced, high-quality pair that will last a long time, work with a variety of outfits, and never go out of style. These can be worn with jeans for dinner and a movie, with a nice dress or pants suit for work or dress-up occasions, or sometimes even with a T-shirt and hat on a day at the park.

Sterling silver hoop earrings are versatile, functional, and fun; that's why every woman needs a pair. However, women looking for hoops to match specific outfits will also find an abundance of choices to work with any ensemble or look. There are petites, Tiffany style, bangles, cushions, Designer style, and, of course, JLo inspired hoops. Hoops may be oval, continuous, or even wavy; may be plain or accented with gemstones or diamonds; may even have one's name in script running through the center; there are hoops with pearl drops, with turquoise studs, with floral filigree, with delicately woven hearts; hoops with diamond baguettes, with sapphires, with emeralds. Charm hoops are a unique option; in this category shoppers will find earrings with dangling stars or hearts or music notes--plenty of charms to express any personality.

Large silver hoop earrings may not be a good option for every woman, but shoppers are sure to find a pair of hoops that works for them. If the buyer is hoping to find inexpensive, simple sterling silver hoop earrings for every-day wear, she should check local department stores for special sales and browse wholesale online jewelry websites. One word of caution: although it may be cheap, buyers should always avoid plating, which is sure to rub off, giving the jewelry a dull, cheap appearance. Think quality first and foremost. Women hoping to find hoops that are a little fancier and more suited for specific outfits should look both in traditional jewelry stores and online stores specializing in sterling jewelry, as these are the most likely places to find high value earrings that will continue to be beautiful and fashionable for many years to come.

Monday, January 12, 2009

Where is Gold Headed Now?

Our predictions came true from 2006 when we hypothesized gold could soon reach $1,000 an once, in our article, The Rising Price of Gold and Retail Jewelry. But are we right in our predictions this time? With the world insecure about this political season's "#1 issue", the economy, no one truly knows the future state of gold. But, of course, we can speculate ...

When we wrote that article, back in April 2006, gold was at approx. $600 an ounce. By March of 2008, just under two years later, we witnessed gold exceed $1,000 per ounce for the first time in its history.

The thought of gold reaching $1,000 as quickly as it did, seemed unlikely to us. We had hoped it would take at least 3-4 years or more to get there. After all, we do not necessarily make more money as a jewelry retailer when gold prices increase. What happens instead is that our prices increase -- yet our margins remain approx. the same, since we too are purchasing jewelry at a higher cost from our gold manufacturers and suppliers.

As a company, Apples of Gold Jewelry actually wants gold prices to fall, therefore making gold jewelry more affordable for our customers.

But where is gold headed now? We can only guess, as we did before, but we are hearing in the media and print the quiet murmurings of a gold bubble. If that seems unlikely, it also seemed equally unlikely to us when we predicted gold $1,000 back in April, 2006.

As I write this article, I hardly believe that gold will go significantly lower, but at the same time, history shows that gold, like many other commodities that have run high, will eventually decrease in value, especially as the economy stabilizes. Gold did see around $800 per ounce back in the 1980s, and later it dropped to the mid $200s after being elevated to such high levels. Will gold at some point in the near future have a mini-crash back down to $500 or $600 per ounce?

This can depend on several factors, including the U.S. and world economy, the strength of the dollar, the price of oil, the housing market, political change, and many other factors. The "buzz" on the street that we are hearing is that investors should "hold" gold, but not purchase anymore. What many investors are saying is that gold has had its run and now is too late to get in the market. Gold is a great investment when times are tough, when the dollar is down, when the economy is showing signs of trouble. Will that turn around soon? That is the question that we will have to wait and let economic history and world affairs play themselves out.

Then again, some are still brazen enough to predict gold will reach $2,000 per ounce in the near future -- but those voices are now fewer and farther in between.

All we can tell you is that the general mood of the market is that gold may go a little higher still, but then again, it may stabilize or head lower. No one is really sure at this pivot point in the gold market.

We were right once two years ago. We're not sure if we will be right again.

Tuesday, January 6, 2009

The Princess Cut Diamond

The princess cut diamond was developed in the 1960s. This square diamond makes use of the brilliant style of diamond cutting rather than traditional step-cut configurations of traditional squares such as the emerald. The extra faceting causes the princess to have more natural diamond brilliance and scintillation. The enhanced performance hides inclusions and makes color less noticeable. It is, in effect, a square version of the round brilliant, technically recognized as a square modified brilliant cut.

Applications

Square diamonds like the princess cut work well in many design applications. Eternity ring squares can be set in one continuous line with no gaps, as occurs with round stones. The geometrics of the square allow for different looks and easily stand alone or combine with round & other shapes. Rings that are ‘starset’ (meaning the square diamond's shape is turned so the points are N-S-E-W) have a distinctly different look.

Princess Cut Diamond Assessment

Unlike round diamonds (or Hearts & Arrows diamonds), the performance of fancy shape diamonds cannot be predicted using only proportions or static reflector photography. Experienced sellers can recommend a favored range of parameters, and it is possible to make broad conclusions from photography and reflector images, but these shapes must be seen live for decisive evaluation. This is why no lab awarded a cut grade for the princess diamond until 2005, when the American Gem Society introduced the industry’s first-ever scientific cut grade based on actual light performance. For this reason it is imperative to work with an expert you trust on princess cut diamond selection.

Configurations

Several diamond configurations exist for the princess. The main differences are in pavilion construction, where 2, 3 or 4 ‘chevrons’ can be seen. As diamond facets get smaller, broad dispersion is reduced in favor of smaller, rapid scintillation. When choosing a princess cut diamond it is prudent to keep size and construction in mind to arrive at the balance of performance qualities you desire.

crown

pavilion

Princess Cut Diamond Corners

Any sharp point on a square diamond or other gemstone is vulnerable. For this reason the setting process is critical with princess cuts and should be done by a skilled professional worthy of trust. Princess cut diamond points can be set into pre-cut ‘seats’ in the setting. Some manufacturers ‘chamfer’ the corners slightly and others are producing 'clipped-corners' to improve the diamond's durability.

For square diamonds that have sharp corners or points, chamfering is allowed to the extent that it improves durability without obviously changing the shape of the stone.

Princess Cut Diamond History

The forerunner of the princess cut diamond was the Barion cut diamond, developed by Basil Watermeyer of South Africa (nicknamed after his wife Marion). The term princess cut was previously applied to what is now known as the profile cut, developed in 1961, but the profile cut was used for very flat diamonds and differs from the modern princess.

Diamond Rough

Every piece of diamond rough is different and some pieces will finish best as a shape other than round. The diamond cutter makes decisions based on what will make the most attractive diamond while allowing most yield from the rough. The princess cut diamond works well with steep rough and much of the material best suited for square shapes may finish better as a princess, rather than a square baguette or emerald cut.

Expert Selection

It is critical to work with an expert you trust on locating and selecting the best diamond available, particularly in fancy shapes - which must be seen to be decisively assessed.